Pronunciation 1: Vowels and Consonants
Vowels:
1. Focus on Lips Moving
/i:/ = see, knee – has lips 'smiling'
/u:/ = foot, boot – has lips rounded and pushed forward.
/æ/ = cat – has lips open
/o:/ = call – has lips rounded and more open than /u:/
/З:/ = bird – has lips relaxed/ neutral
/a:/ = father – has lips rounded and wide open
2. Focus on the length of the vowel sounds
Long vowel: /i:/, /a:/, /o:/, /u:/, /З:/
Short vowel: /i/, /e/, /ə/, /Λ/, /I/, /æ/, /U/
3. Focus on diphtongs : /ei/, /ai/, /au/, /oi/, /iə/, /uə/, /eə, /əu/
Consonants:
PLACE OF ARTICULATION
• Both lips (bilabial): /p/, /b/,/m/, /w/
• Lower lip and upper teeth (labiodental): /f/, /v/
• Tip tongue and teeth (interdental): /θ/, /ð/
• Tip of tongue and tooth ridge (alveolar): /t/, /d/, /n/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /r/
• Blade of tongue and hard palate (alveopalatal): /ʃ/, /ʤ/, /ʧ/, /ʒ/, /y/
• Back of tongue and soft palate (velar): /k/, /g/,/ ŋ/, /w/
MANNER OF ARTICULATION
• Stops : /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/
• Fricatives: /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/
• Affricates: /ʧ/, /ʤ/
• Nasals: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/
• Liquids: /l/, /r/
• Semi vowels: /w/, /y/
VOICING
Voiceless
/p/
/t/
/k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
/ʃ/
/ʧ/
Example:
put
tin
cape
foot
think
sink
ship
choose
Voiced
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/ð/
/z/
/ʒ/
/ʤ/
/m/
/n/
/ŋ /
/l/
/r/
/w/
/y/
Example:
boot
dive
gone
vote
them
zoo
measure
gem
move
nose
sing
lose
race
win
yes
Vowels:
1. Focus on Lips Moving
/i:/ = see, knee – has lips 'smiling'
/u:/ = foot, boot – has lips rounded and pushed forward.
/æ/ = cat – has lips open
/o:/ = call – has lips rounded and more open than /u:/
/З:/ = bird – has lips relaxed/ neutral
/a:/ = father – has lips rounded and wide open
2. Focus on the length of the vowel sounds
Long vowel: /i:/, /a:/, /o:/, /u:/, /З:/
Short vowel: /i/, /e/, /ə/, /Λ/, /I/, /æ/, /U/
3. Focus on diphtongs : /ei/, /ai/, /au/, /oi/, /iə/, /uə/, /eə, /əu/
Consonants:
PLACE OF ARTICULATION
• Both lips (bilabial): /p/, /b/,/m/, /w/
• Lower lip and upper teeth (labiodental): /f/, /v/
• Tip tongue and teeth (interdental): /θ/, /ð/
• Tip of tongue and tooth ridge (alveolar): /t/, /d/, /n/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /r/
• Blade of tongue and hard palate (alveopalatal): /ʃ/, /ʤ/, /ʧ/, /ʒ/, /y/
• Back of tongue and soft palate (velar): /k/, /g/,/ ŋ/, /w/
MANNER OF ARTICULATION
• Stops : /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/
• Fricatives: /f/, /v/, /θ/, /ð/, /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/
• Affricates: /ʧ/, /ʤ/
• Nasals: /m/, /n/, /ŋ/
• Liquids: /l/, /r/
• Semi vowels: /w/, /y/
VOICING
Voiceless
/p/
/t/
/k/
/f/
/θ/
/s/
/ʃ/
/ʧ/
Example:
put
tin
cape
foot
think
sink
ship
choose
Voiced
/b/
/d/
/g/
/v/
/ð/
/z/
/ʒ/
/ʤ/
/m/
/n/
/ŋ /
/l/
/r/
/w/
/y/
Example:
boot
dive
gone
vote
them
zoo
measure
gem
move
nose
sing
lose
race
win
yes
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