Pronunciation 1: Vowels and Consonants Vowels: 1. Focus on Lips Moving /i:/ = see, knee – has lips 'smiling' /u:/ = foot, boot – has lips rounded and pushed forward. /æ/ = cat – has lips open /o:/ = call – has lips rounded and more open than /u:/ /З:/ = bird – has lips relaxed/ neutral /a:/ = father – has lips rounded and wide open 2. Focus on the length of the vowel sounds Long vowel: /i:/, /a:/, /o:/, /u:/, /З:/ Short vowel: /i/, /e/, /ə/, /Λ/, /I/, /æ/, /U/ 3. Focus on diphtongs : /ei/, /ai/, /au/, /oi/, /iə/, /uə/, /eə, /əu/ Consonants: PLACE OF ARTICULATION • Both lips (bilabial): /p/, /b/,/m/, /w/ • Lower lip and upper teeth (labiodental): /f/, /v/ • Tip tongue and teeth (interdental): /θ/, /ð/ • Tip of tongue and tooth ridge (alveolar): /t/, /d/, /n/, /s/, /z/, /l/, /r/ • Blade of tongue and hard palate (alveopalatal): /ʃ/, /ʤ/, /ʧ/, /ʒ/, /y/ • Back of tongue and soft palate (velar): /k/, /g/,/ ŋ/, /w/ MANNER OF ARTICULATION • Stops : /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/ • Frica
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